How the mind of corrupt works:

How the mind of corrupt works: (how political corruption actually works)

when profit incentives are worth more than morals lab social examination was distributed at a German college.has tumbled down the drainpipe in the offices of a projection room. Every one of the subjects in the analysis is put on the phase of calling a handyman to get it back, paying the handyman for his administrations, and delivering the remainder of the cash to its 

proprietor. 

Each subject has up to ten offers of handymen to enlist, with rates somewhere in the range of 20 and 200 imprints, so the more costly the expense is, there is additionally a more prominent sum as a pay off. In this circumstance, each subject of the trial can pick in the interest of the proprietor of the cash or settle on the choice to acknowledge one of the more costly gauges, pay the handyman for his administrations - just the subject will realize how much they have been charged, so no there is a chance of being found - and keeping a piece of the cash 

The outcome, devastating for morals. Just 12% of the subjects carried on consummately sincerely ; 28% accepted kickbacks permitted by the offers, and the normal sum taken by 88% of the corrupt individuals was 85 imprints (around 42 euros). 

Corrupt naturally? 

"The person is a creature with an organic inclination to corruption," professor of brain science at the 

College of Santiago de Compostela and writer of the book Psychology of corruption and the corrupt , "with a propensity to We would call being a free-rider , or a free rider , taking favorable position of the perspiration of others ", and, at the extraordinary," taking bit of leeway of any situation for one's own advantage ". 

Would you be able to explain why individuals, be they ordinary residents, government officials or businessmen, quit complying with the law and become corrupt? Fundamentally, the way that prompts corruption is a combination of an enabling climate, a chance, and a character type that, overcoming apprehension of conceivable discipline, puts individual advantage before the interest of others and consistence with the law. 

An adage, in spite of the fact that it merits remembering: nobody is protected from becoming corrupt. Not paying VAT on an invoice, trying to pay off a police officer to keep away from a fine or a public official to accelerate an administrative system, counterfeit a sickness to evade going to work, adulterate information on a structure to obtain a social advantage ... 

In spite of the fact that it might appear to be that there are "hazard professions" in the realm of finance, huge organizations or legislative issues, as the media reminds us day by day with the 'Bárcenas case' or the 'ERE case', to name two close and late models, the proof indicates that we as a whole convey an expected corrupt within, according to specialists. 

Narcissistic and antisocial characters, more inclined to corruption 

However, it is additionally evident that not every person who has the occasion to violate the law for their own advantage does as such. "You additionally must have certain character attributes . Logical and character factors intervene together ",

There are ingredients in the character that shake up the mixed drink and can prompt corrupt practices if there are conditions. Exploration on human conduct and character problems points to two: the narcissistic and the antisocial character. 

The predominant quality of the narcissistic character is conceit, that is, using others to strengthen your self- regard and fulfill your cravings. 

"It is an example of grandiosity: narcissists exaggerate their own value and anticipate that other individuals should respect the high regard on which they depend. They are individuals who need to feel appreciated, need compassion and exaggerate their capacities, they accept that they are uncommon and they have numerous dreams of accomplishment. They work on the supposition that the simple craving for anything in itself legitimizes their ownership ",

The antisocial character , as far as concerns its, conveys with it an enthusiastic chilliness, an absence of morals and a conduct dependent on misdirection and control, without regret for the outcomes of their activities. (dark money bribes)

"They are individuals who like force, they are enacted by the inspiration of intensity, of exceptionally certain however bogus social or individual connections. They will in general be outgoing, amiable individuals, yet such an excess of thinking of their own advantage and to accomplish whatever it is paying little heed to the methods " 

These attributes draw a striking profile of the corrupt character, however don't be confounded. " It doesn't imply that all the individuals with these problems are awful or corrupt , it essentially shows the high danger that would model for one of these characters to confront a circumstance helpful for corruption," 

Truth be told, he adds, "there are individuals who have submitted tricks in their working environments and what a resulting study shows are qualities of irreverence, yet not a character problem." 

All the specialists clarify that these qualities don't pardon or legitimize demonstrations of corruption, since they have nothing to do with psychological sickness. "A corrupt individual is an individual within the restrictions of reason, who plays out a planned, contemplated and determined cycle of expenses and advantages. 

Corruption, a profit and misfortune account 

The count of profits and misfortunes prompts another helpful measurement to understanding corruption, the monetary one, which sets up that the individuals who are corrupted are, most importantly, sound beings. 

Individuals interact and settle on choices in key interaction, that is, in a trade of plays to accomplish an end with the most prominent conceivable advantage and the least expense. The homo sapiens boosts results. The corrupt individual sees a chance that infers an activity in spite of the law or morals and ascertains the conceivable monetary outcomes: a profit or a profit in the case he isn't found and an expense or discipline, in the type of a fine, prison, and so forth, in the event that they get him. All in all, if the the advantage obtained is more prominent than the expected expense of being found, the corrupt activity can be completed . 

"Corruption often begins with committing an offense just a single time, yet in the event that it works out in a good way, in the event that it isn't found, there is an incentive to participate in that direct again", explains Antonio Argandoña, professor of Economics and top of the 

Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance at IESE. 

"For instance, an organization whose movement is linked to the administration and has the chance of making a pay off to win a public delicate is effective and no one finds it. In a setting of an increasingly serious world, from that second on it has an incentive to change their system and go straightforwardly next time with the envelope in hand. " (cheap airline tickets)

From the mental point of view, the qualities of a habit could be credited to this conduct , according 

to the clinician Helena Rodríguez. "Similarly that wetting your lips in brew would create a powerful 

drive in a heavy drinker, managing public cash can be a wild enticement for certain individuals in certain circumstances. It indeed, even makes a resilience, so you start with little unlawful acts and that to accomplish a similar joy, more significant acts are submitted ". 

'Prisoners' of a corrupt society?

Economic theory explains how a society can reach a situation of generalized corruption through the famous prisoner's dilemma , a basic problem in game theory that shows the pernicious consequences of the decision not to cooperate even if it is to the detriment of all.

“In a country where everyone is a cheater the incentive to cheat is greater than where everyone is honest. If everyone presumes to evade taxes, everyone will do it, ”summarizes Javier Díaz-Giménez, professor of Economics at IESE.

Of course, this behavior is purely selfish and discounts all the damages - in the economy, negative externalities - of widespread corruption in a society: the productivity of public investments is reduced, the quality of infrastructure worsens, government revenues are reduced. for black money, it drives out foreign investors, cuts public spending in areas where there is no immediate profit, and so on.

On the contrary, a balance based on honesty can also be reached, where “it is discovered, with the passage of time, that everyone is better off if everyone complies. In this way, you have a conscience and everyone knows that if a cheater is caught there is a much higher penalty ”, 

Transparency in law and in society

To get out of this growing and pernicious spiral, there are at least two ways: to impose external controls that make the decision to become corrupt unprofitable, through, for example, legislation in favor of the transparency of institutions and public administrations; or a change in how the environment is perceived, that people transform their way of seeing life and acting. In other words, it is about being accountable to others or to one's own conscience.

And how? "Through education in the very long term, a change can be achieved. What can be done in the short term is to build solid, rigorous institutions, reform the rule of law so that whoever does it pays for it, and for that it is necessary a government that takes the issue seriously, that gives clear messages and that it is assumed that it is a priority to develop standards and follow them, "says Manuel Villoria, professor of Political Science at the University . "For this to take place, a crisis is not necessary, but rather that the politicians agree," he added.

The road begins with laws such as transparency, but it is not enough . For Villoria and more political voices, such as 

Transparency International, system reforms should include the Criminal Procedure Law, to protect those who report corruption, more transparent and controlled systems of political parties, establish internal control and accountability systems in political parties, guarantee the independence of the judicial power, depoliticize the courts, and a long etc etera.

Not everything has to be stick, there is also room for the carrot, recalls the economist Javier Díaz-Giménez, who also advocates encouraging honorable behavior by rewarding in some way those who do not fall into temptation.

Although it may take more than a generation to change an "anything goes" culture, it is possible to internalize other principles. For this, according to the psychologist Helena Rodríguez, "you can work on social skills and empathy with children from a young age to promote a series of moral values, a gregarious life, and that they do not commit illegal acts."

Create a virtuous professional culture

In this way, the rules of the game would change for the better. “ If the sensitivity to corruption charges, the costs maybe higher for the corrupt, " argues Professor Argandoña. "A change in the legislation or in the attitude of the people can increase the costs of corruption because now it is in the magnifying glass of the supervisor, there is more vigilance, an investigation can be opened, a complaint from the opposition party may arise ... “.

But that has to penetrate the minds of people and the culture of organizations to create, this time, a virtuous circle, 

“The values of the professional culture of a company can be imitated. Just as a bad apple rots the basket, a professional environment, where you don't have to have a knife between your teeth, where there is a good atmosphere, creates more the propensity to cooperate if colleagues are also seen to cooperate. "